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Christianity in Jordan
Christianity in Jordan is among the oldest Christian communities in the world.〔Address to Pope Benedict XVI at the King Hussein Mosque, Amman, Jordan by Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad bin Talal〕 Christians have resided in Jordan after the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, early in the 1st century AD.〔Eusebius, (''History of the Church'' ), 3.5.3〕 Jordanian Christians are estimated to number 174,000 to 390,000 (2.8-6%) of the population.〔(Guide: Christians in the Middle East )〕 which is lower than the near 30% in 1950,〔http://www.jordanexpert.com/Jordan_Expert/Religions.html〕 and lower than percentages of Christians in neighboring Syria, Palestine and Lebanon. This is largely due to lower birth rates in comparison with Muslims and to a strong influx of Muslim immigrants and refugees from neighboring countries. Also, a larger percent of Christians compared to Muslims emigrate to western countries, resulting in a large Jordanian Christian diaspora. The Jordanian Greek Orthodox Christians are believed to be 310,000 most of whom are Arabic speaking.〔http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/54728.htm〕 Catholics number 70,000 and Protestants 30,000. There has been an influx of Christian refugees escaping the Islamic State mainly from Mosul, Iraq numbering about 7,000 〔http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/iraqi-christians-return-school-jordan-after-year-limbo〕 and 20,000 from Syria.〔http://www.jordantimes.com/news/region/hundreds-syrian-christians-flee-daesh-%E2%80%94-activists〕 Conversion of a Muslim to another religion is technically not allowed. However, there are cases in which a Muslim will adopt the Christian faith, secretly declaring his/her faith. In effect, they are practising Christians, but legally Muslims; thus, the statistics of Jordanian Christians does not include Muslim apostates to Christianity. A 2015 study estimates some 6,500 believers in Christ from a Muslim background in Jordan.
==History==
Jordanian Christians are among the oldest Christian communities in the world,〔 and the majority have always been Orthodox adherents to the Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the Holy Land, which is the 16 Church of St. James, and was founded during Jesus’s lifetime. The Jordanian Greek Orthodox Christians are believed to be around 300,000. Many of them are descended from the Ancient Arab Ghassanid and Lakhmid Tribes, and they have throughout history shared the fate and the struggles of their Muslim fellow tribesmen. In 630 CE, during the Islamic prophet Muhammad’s lifetime, many joined Muhammad's army led by his adopted son Zeid ibn Haritha and his cousin Jafar bin Abi Taleb, and fought against the Byzantine army of their fellow Orthodox Christians at the Battle of Mutah in Karak (it is because of this battle that they earned their tribal name “‘Uzaizat” which means “the reinforcements” — and Archbishop Fouad Twal himself comes from these tribes); in 1099 17 CE some were slaughtered by Catholic Crusaders at the Fall of Jerusalem alongside their Muslim comrades; later from 1916-1918 CE during the Great Arab revolt they fought against the Muslim Turks alongside Arab Muslim comrades; they thereafter languished for a few decades along with their Muslim fellows under a Protestant Colonial Mandate, and in the Israeli Arab Wars of 1948, 1967 and 1968 they fought with their Muslim Arabs against Jewish opponents. Christian Jordanians have not only defended Jordan, but have also helped to build Jordan, playing leading roles in the fields of politics, education, health, commerce, tourism, agriculture, science, culture and many other fields.
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